A Slice of Art and Design

 A kaiyu-shiki or strolling garden at Ritsurin Garden in Takamatsu, Kagawa By the time we reach the question of styles, something important has already happened. We are no longer looking at Japanese gardens as an abstract idea. We begin to recognise them as lived expressions—different responses to the same philosophy of nature, balance, and impermanence. Each style carries its own interpretation of space, silence, and symbolism. In this final part, I will explore the major styles of Japanese gardens, and how each one reflects a different way of seeing the natural world. Types and Styles of Japanese Gardens Zen Rock Garden Style Tsukiyama Style Hiranaiwa Style Chaniwa Tea Garden Style Chisen Kaiyū Shiki (Strolling Pond Garden) A. Zen Rock Garden Style: Precise and Meditative This type of garden, mostly found in monasteries, represents Zen spiritualism and is also known as a sand and stone garden. The garden is confined within a defined boundary, isolating it from external visual d...

Famous-kyoto-Tsukiyama garden Brief History of Japanese Gardens The art of Japanese gardens dates back to the reign of Empress Suiko around 592 AD, though there is evidence suggesting it existed even earlier. The most significant development came during the Nara period (646–794 AD), when trade and cultural exchange with mainland China flourished. This brought subtle yet impactful changes to Japanese culture. Gardens began to include animals, birds, and fish, and were often used for private gatherings and feasts. During the Heian period (794–1185 AD), foreign influence reduced, and Japanese gardens returned to traditional values, often adapting to limited resources. However, the earlier Chinese influence remained, resulting in a rich and elegant blend. Garden layouts were often inspired by myths and legends. A major shift occurred during the Kamakura period (1185–1392 AD), when Zen Buddhist monks began designing gardens for meditation rather than pleasure. Decorative elements gave way ...